Sunday, January 30, 2022
What is human digestive system explain?
The human digestive system is a series of organ tissues that work to digest food in the digestive tract, both mechanically and chemically. Essentially, humans need food to live. Without food, humans cannot grow and develop normally and optimally, it will even threaten their survival, and the digestive system is the system that processes food itself. In addition, the food consumed by humans is used as energy to carry out their life activities. Food in the human body is converted into motion energy, which was originally still in the form of a kind of chemical energy, or more precisely, bio-chemistry. In the process of converting bio-chemical energy contained in food, a special tool is needed, which as we all know in general is in the form of several organs related to this process.
The human digestive system has several organs called digestive organs, such as: mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus, in a system called the human digestive system. For more details, we still have to look at some brief material descriptions regarding the human digestive system starting from the mouth.
A. MOUTH
The mouth is where the initial process of digestion takes place mechanically and chemically. That is, mechanical digestion is by using the teeth and tongue directly to chew food, while the chemical digestion process is with the help of saliva (ptyalin enzymes). This ptyalin enzyme functions to digest starch or starch into simple sugars.
The mouth as a place for chewing food is done in about 1 or 2 minutes for soft foods, such as rice, sago, and others. However, if the food is not soft enough, such as corn, beans, etc., preferably within 2 or 3 minutes, whereas if the food is really tough or hard, such as meat, or shellfish, etc. , should be done in about 5 minutes. This is to prevent other digestive organs from processing it too hard, and the nutritional content in it can be absorbed perfectly and not wasted, if the food is enough, our teeth are smooth to digest, especially when there is a process of absorption of nutrients, which occurs in small intestine.
We have to take care of our mouth health, especially our teeth, we have to eat food whose temperature is not too hot or too cold, because, with this temperature, it can reduce the quality of dental calcium, which can cause our teeth to become brittle and fall out, especially when you do it regularly. at the same time, that is, when we eat warm or hot food, we also drink cold drinks there, besides that our teeth will be sensitive, it also causes teeth to ache, when we eat any food again. Apart from that, we also have to maintain the health of the oral ecosystem, so that there is no bacteria, or plate deposits on the surface of the teeth, by diligently brushing our teeth in the morning and at night before going to bed, and gargling with mouthwash, and going once every 6 (six) months. to the dentist.
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B. ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus is a food channel that connects the mouth to the stomach. The process is when food is crushed in the mouth with the help of the teeth, then the food will be passed on to the stomach through the esophagus. Food that is in the esophagus will naturally be pushed towards the stomach with a movement called peristalsis. Here we need to provide drinking water, if when the food accumulates in the esophagus, it will cause choking. So, the function of drinking water, apart from helping the process of food dissolving quickly, is also to anticipate this.
C. STOMACH
The stomach has a mechanical and chemical digestion process. Mechanical digestion that occurs is the process of stirring and squeezing food carried out by the stomach wall, while the chemical digestion process is with the help of 2 (two) enzymes, namely the enzymes pepsin and renin. Pepsin functions to convert protein into amino acids, while renin functions to precipitate milk protein into casein. Inside the stomach there is hydrochloric acid (hcl) produced by the stomach wall. This acid is useful for killing germs that enter with food.
The stomach must be kept healthy, in a way we must be regular in maintaining food patterns. If we eat too late, the stomach will still get the acid it needs in the digestive process, so that when the stomach is empty, this acid will coat the stomach wall, causing stomach disease which is commonly called ulcer disease, and if it is lambhal this lasts for some time, will cause irritation or thinning of the stomach wall. This will cause peptic ulcers. If this happens, it will cause a leak in the stomach, which will lead to death. That's why we need to maintain a diet. In addition, we need to watch the food we eat. Reduce or avoid foods and drinks that contain lots of acidic, alcoholic, too spicy, and also foods with excessive chemicals that can weaken the condition of our stomach. It is better for us to multiply vegetables and fruits, as well as foods that have enough fiber, so that our stomachs are naturally healthy and durable, and last for quite a long time.
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D. SMALL INTESTINE
Without realizing it, the small intestine actually has a very long size when stretched. It is in the small intestine where the digestive process of food vitally takes place, namely the process of absorption of food essences, which are distributed throughout the body, which is most urgently needed by all other organs in the body, for energy needs.
The small intestine is divided into three parts, namely:
- Duodenum
- Empty intestine
- Absorbent intestine.
The Duodenum is where chemical digestion of food takes place. Digestion is carried out by the bile and pancreatic juices. This bile juice is produced by the liver and functions to digest fat and the pancreas functions to produce the following enzymes, namely as follows:
a. Amylase Enzyme
The amylase enzyme functions to convert starch into sugar
b. Trypsin Enzyme
The trypsin enzyme functions to convert protein into amino acids
c. Lipase Enzyme
This lipase enzyme functions to convert fat into fatty acids
The empty intestine is where food will be broken down by the enzyme erepsin protein. Meanwhile the carbohydrates contained in these foods will be broken down by the enzymes Maltase, Sucrase, and Lactase. Next, food enters the absorbing intestine. In this part of the intestine there are intestinal projections. Here occurs the absorption of food essences. Food essences enter the bloodstream and are circulated throughout the body.
The absorptive intestine is the last part of the small intestine. In the human digestive system, the intestine is about 2–4 m long and lies after the duodenum and jejunum, and is continued by the appendix.
E. COLON
The colon is where the process of absorption of water and mineral salts occurs. Furthermore, food scraps will be decomposed by Eschericia Coli bacteria. The results of this decay are solid, liquid and gaseous materials.
F. ANUS
The anus is the final stage of the digestive system where the results of food residue that is no longer needed will be excreted through this digestive organ.
We must take care of the human digestive system that exists within us by consuming nutritious, balanced, and regular food, so that it stays healthy and durable, and occasionally do fasting, so that the digestive organs occasionally take a short break. Thus a brief explanation of the material of the human digestive system.
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